How is the par and toughness decided for a hole in a Golf course?

QUESTION:
How is this decided considering that no two golf courses are alike?

Thanks in advance for your answers.
Thanks Jason. But there are 2 parts to my question. How is the toughness decided (Is it just based on the bunkers, trees and water or also the terrain and weather)?

Just to make my first question clearer: Is it just the yardage (how far a golfer can hit) that determines the par?

ANSWER:

Answer by Jason
Look here:
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070616075128AAnLgAi

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